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Prepared by:
Mr.
Ibrahim Al Jilali
Introduction:
The teaching of writing has undergone a dramatic change .There has
been a shift from the traditional product –oriented approaches to a
process –oriented one .The product- oriented approach focused
on[what] the writers write; the product; the written text. The
process-oriented approach tries to find out [how] writers write, the
kind of thinking that precedes their writing and then teach it to
pupils
Stages of writing
Writing is seen as a generative process involving three stages;
Prewriting, writing [composing] and rewriting
1-Prewriting:
There are several techniques at this stage;
a- Oral group brainstorming: using leading questions to stimulate
pupils thinking and the generation of ideas
b - Clustering: mapping out ideas [selecting better ones].
c - Looping: writing nonstop [without fear of errors].
d - Debating; oral presentation of the two sides of a topic.
e - Interviewing resourceful people to generate ideas.
f - Paying visits to places of interest to gather information about
a topic.
g - Reading about a topic and taking notes.
h - Listening to a text.
2-Writing
A-first draft
Here pupils are advised not to expect perfection. They write with
the intention of changing the writing later on.
B- Peer evaluation with focus on content [ideas]. Readers give their
comments on the pieces of writing.
3-Rewriting
a- Second draft: Here writers make changes in response to the
comments.
b- Teacher’s evaluation: The teacher collects the papers and makes
his own comments on ideas noting grammar problems.
c- Final draft: Pupils submit their papers to the teacher for
correction.
Conclusion
Process writing results could be seen in the improvement of pupils
writing in content organization and grammar. However, the greatest
benefit from this approach is the increased interaction between the
teacher and pupils throughout the writing and reading processes. |
