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Active Voice In the active voice, the subject of
the verb does the action (e.g. They killed the
President). See also Passive Voice.
Adjective A word like big, red,
easy, French etc. An adjective describes a noun
or pronoun.
Adverb A word like slowly, quietly, well, often
etc. An adverb modifies a verb.
Article The "indefinite" articles are
a
and an. The "definite article" is the.
Auxiliary Verb A verb that is used with a main
verb. Be, do and have are auxiliary
verbs. Can, may, must etc are modal
auxiliary verbs.
Clause A group of words containing a subject and
its verb (for example: It was late when he
arrived).
Conjunction A word used to connect words, phrases
and clauses (for example: and, but,
if).
Infinitive The basic form of a verb as in
to work
or work.
Interjection An exclamation inserted into an
utterance without grammatical connection (for example:
oh!, ah!, ouch!, well!).
Modal Verb An auxiliary verb like can,
may, must etc that modifies the main verb and
expresses possibility, probability etc. It is also called
"modal auxiliary verb".
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Noun A word like table, dog,
teacher, America etc. A noun is the name of an
object, concept, person or place. A "concrete noun" is
something you can see or touch like a
boy or
car. An "abstract noun" is something that you cannot
see or touch like a decision or happiness. A
"countable noun" is something that you can count (for example:
bottle, song, book). An "uncountable
noun" is something that you cannot count (for example:
water, music, money).
Object In the active voice:
a noun or its
equivalent that receives the action of the verb. In the
passive voice: a noun or its equivalent that does the action
of the verb.
Participle The -ing and -ed forms
of verbs. The -ing form is called the "present
participle". The -ed form is called the "past
participle" (for irregular verbs, this is column 3).
Part Of Speech One of the eight classes of word
in English - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun,
preposition, conjunction and interjection.
Passive Voice In the passive voice, the subject
receives the action of the verb (eg The
mouse was
killed). See also Active Voice.
Phrase A group of words not containing a subject
and its verb (eg on the table, the girl in a red
dress).
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Predicate Each sentence contains (or implies) two
parts: a subject and a predicate. The predicate is what is
said about the subject.
Preposition A word like at, to,
in, over etc. Prepositions usually come before a
noun and give information about things like time, place and
direction.
Pronoun A word like I, me,
you, he, him, it,
etc. A pronoun
replaces a noun.
Sentence A group of words that express a thought.
A sentence conveys a statement, question,
command or exclamation.
A sentence contains or implies a subject and a
predicate. In simple terms, a sentence must contain a verb and
(usually) a subject. A sentence starts with a capital letter
and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or
exclamation mark (!).
Subject Every sentence contains (or implies) two
parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject is the main noun
(or equivalent) in a sentence about which something is
said.
Tense The form of a verb that shows us when the
action or state happens (past, present or future). Note that
the name of a tense is not always a guide to when the action
happens. The "present continuous tense", for example, can be
used to talk about the present or the future.
Verb A word like (to) work, (to)
love, (to) begin. A verb describes an action or
state.
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